Judiciaries
Learn about judiciary powers and functions, including judge appointments, legal dispute resolution, and interaction with legislatures.
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Judicial Jurisdiction
Judiciaries are responsible for preserving individual rights and maintaining constitutional order. Their authority is derived from the individuals within their jurisdiction, and they are created by legislatures to independently and impartially handle all legal matters, especially constitutional law.
Preservation of Rights and Maintenance of Constitutional Order
“Judiciaries preserve the rights of all Individuals and maintain constitutional order. Powers granted to Judiciaries are granted to them by Individuals residing in the Jurisdiction where the authority of the Judiciary applies. Legislatures create Judiciaries to be independent and dispassionate handlers of all cases, controversies, and questions of Constitutional Law.”
Appointed Judiciary
Legislatures can delegate judicial authority to an appointed, politically neutral judiciary. If a jurisdiction contains smaller, constituent jurisdictions, each nominates an equal number of judges. In jurisdictions without constituent jurisdictions, a judicial committee may nominate judges.
Delegation of Judicial Authority to Appointed Judiciary
“Legislatures may, by Supermajority vote, delegate Judicial authority to an appointed and politically neutral Judiciary whose members serve for a single fixed time period.”
Nomination of Judges by Constituent Jurisdictions
“If a Judicial Jurisdiction contains Constituent Jurisdictions, then an equal number of Judges are nominated by each of the Constituent Jurisdictions.”
Nomination of Judges by Judicial Committee
“For Jurisdictions without Constituent Jurisdictions, Legislatures may, by Supermajority vote, delegate Judicial authority to Judges nominated by a Judicial Committee.”
Elected Judiciary
Judicial authority may also be delegated to judges elected by the population of the jurisdiction. For jurisdictions with constituent jurisdictions, a supermajority of those must agree to create an elected judiciary. Judges serve terms that align with legislative terms and are elected in groups.
Delegation of Judicial Authority to Elected Representatives
“Legislatures may, by Supermajority vote, delegate Judicial authority to representatives elected directly by the population of a Jurisdiction.”
Consent Requirement for Creation of Elected Judiciary
“If a Jurisdiction is composed of Constituent Jurisdictions, then a Supermajority of Constituent Jurisdictions must also consent to the creation of an Elected Judiciary.”
Election and Term Length of Judges
“Judges are elected in groups and are elected by the entire population in the same manner as the members of The Legislature and their terms last for the same length.”
Composition
Judges share similar rights and duties with legislators, including the potential for removal by a supermajority vote. Cases must be heard by at least three judges, with the number scaling based on the case's severity. Serious constitutional questions are handled by the entire court, and individuals are entitled to a jury of their peers and competent legal representation.
Rights, Privileges, and Duties of Judges
“Judges enjoy the same rights and privileges as members of Legislatures do and are bound by the same ethical and legal duties including the capacity to be removed from office by Supermajority vote.”
Number of Judges and Case Assignment
“The number of Judges sat to a case should be at least three (3), Odd in number, and scale with the severity of the controversies, offenses, and punishments. Constitutional Questions of significant importance are heard by the entire court handing such matters. Accused Individuals are entitled to have their cases heard by a jury of their peers and be represented by zealous and competent advocates.”
Minimum Number of Judges Elected
“Unless otherwise amended, The Minimum Number Of Judges elected in a single race is five (5).”
Duration of Judicial Appointments
“Unless otherwise amended, Judicial Appointments last for ten (10) years.”
Resolving Questions of Law
Individuals have the right to challenge laws they believe infringe upon their constitutional rights. If the judiciary finds a law unconstitutional, it informs the legislature, which must then amend or repeal the law. If the legislature fails to act or does not override the judiciary's decision within a set timeframe, the judiciary may directly amend the law to align it with the constitution. Executive officers are responsible for enforcing these outcomes.
Right to Challenge Government Laws
“All individuals who inhabit a Jurisdiction have the right to make claims against a Government if they believe a law is unjustly impeding their rights under a Fair Constitution or any other valid law.”
Judiciary Review and Recommendation of Remedies
“If the Judiciary finds that any legislation passed by a Legislature is contradictory to other law or The Constitution, it informs The Legislature of what laws are in error and recommends a remedy.”
Legislature's Responsibility to Amend Laws
“The Legislature modifies or removes the offending laws in a reasonable timeframe as outlined by the Judiciary.”
Legislature's Power to Overrule Judiciary
“A Supermajority of The Legislature may disagree with the Judiciary and overrule its judgement within a set Judicial veto window.”
Judiciary's Authority to Amend Laws
“If The Legislature does not modify the law nor override the Judiciary within the window, then the Judiciary applies its own remedy to the law directly to make the law non-contradictory and bring it in line with The Constitution.”
Role of Executive Officers
“Executive Officers uphold constitutional order and the outcome of this process.”